中學(xué)英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解
[賓語(yǔ)從句歌訣]
賓語(yǔ)從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風(fēng)采。
展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。
主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語(yǔ)序永不變。
陳述請(qǐng)你選that，疑問(wèn)需用if/whether連。
特殊問(wèn)句作賓從，原來(lái)問(wèn)詞不用換。
三關(guān)過(guò)后莫得意，人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意。
留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間。
[歌訣解碼]
一、三姊妹
賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
We knew （that）we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to
3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？
二、三關(guān)
1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)
如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that（that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether；如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。
2. 語(yǔ)序關(guān)
�、訇愂鼍渥�?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
�、谝话阋蓡�(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：
Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)
①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：
I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
�、谌绻骶涫沁^(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：
He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用
1. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：
“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如：
Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
四、兩副面孔
if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：
If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （賓語(yǔ)從句）
五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化
1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？
賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。
1．These flowers are from
He said _______ these flowers _______ from
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what
_____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in
二、選擇填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?
─ Sorry, I've no idea.
A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─
Yes. He ____ to the
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive
C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. He asked me _______.
A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup
B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when
D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held
( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )22. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
( )23. I don”t know ______ .
A. which room I can live B. which room can I live
C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in
( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?
－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you .
A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come
C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come
( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( )26 Mary said that she ___ to
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
三、用合適的連接詞填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同義句)→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.（改為否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改為復(fù)合句） →
Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句） →
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改為反意疑問(wèn)句)
五、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.
一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was
二、1―5: DDDBB 6―10:ACDBC 11―15:CCBAD 16―20:BCDAC 21―25:DACCA 26―30:DCCBA
三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what
四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they
五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works
7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go
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