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    第9講

    一、Language points

    1. when  既可指時間的某一點,從句中的謂語動詞可以是非延續(xù)性的,又可指一段時間(從句中的謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞),從句的動作與主句的動作同時發(fā)生。

            意為“這時”,常用結(jié)構(gòu):be about to…when…

       as: 強調(diào)從句的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生,而不是一前一后。

       while: 表示兩者情況對比。

    2.  be of +抽象名詞=be + adj.

    be of (great) + use/help/value/importance

    =be (very) + useful/helpful/valuable/important

    3.  journey:適用范圍廣,可指陸?盏穆眯校V妇嚯x較遠(yuǎn)的旅行。

       trip:指短時間,短距離的旅行。

       travel:泛指旅游,前面一般不用冠詞。

       travels:多指旅行經(jīng)歷

    journey和trip強調(diào)往返性,travel不側(cè)重往返性,可以是章程旅行。

      Voyage:海上旅行或航海。

    4. hope:指與過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛嘘P(guān)的希望,不能接名詞,雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。

      wish:多指美好的祝愿,或表達(dá)的是過去,現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的令人遺憾的事,接從句時使用虛擬語氣。

      hope for:希望、期待、對(某物)有信心

      We hope you’ll be very happy.

      I wish I had gone to that party.

      We haven’t heard from him for a long time, but we are still hoping for a letter.

     

    5.          n.諾言,有指望,有前途,可能性

                There is a promise of better weather tomorrow.

                keep a promise→break a promise

      promise   carry out a promise:履行諾言

                fulfill a promise:實現(xiàn)諾言

              v.許諾,答應(yīng),有…跡象,使…很有可能

                I can’t promise, but I’ll do my best.

    The clouds promise rain.

      promising  adj. 有前途的,有希望的

    6. put up:搭起,建筑

      set up:建立,成立

      build:建造

      build up:建立

      found:創(chuàng)立,創(chuàng)辦

    7. around/round the corner:在拐角處,即將到來

      in the corner:在角落里

      on the corner:在拐角上

      at the corner:在拐角處(比on的范圍大)

    8.        sb/sth

      praise  sb for (doing) sth:因…贊揚…

             sb as…:稱贊…是…

       sing high praise for:稱贊…

       in praise of:贊美

    9. population:對此進(jìn)行提問時,要使用what,人口的“多,少”使用large, small;表示“有多少人”時用“has a population of…”。

      population:用作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的表語來決定。

      ----What’s the population of China?

      ----China has a population of 1.3 billion.

      The population of New Zealand is small.

       The population of developing countries are mostly peasants.

    10. come to terms with:達(dá)成協(xié)議,妥協(xié)

       take possessions of:獲得,占有

       in/with relation to:與…有關(guān)聯(lián),關(guān)于

       in memory of sb:為了紀(jì)念某人

       match…with…:把…和…搭配起來

    二、語法專題──情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣的考點

    1. 表示推測:情態(tài)動詞+ be+表:現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)

                            be doing:現(xiàn)在動作

                            have done:過去

    may/might have done:本可以干某事

    can/could have done:本能夠干某事

    should/ought to have done:本應(yīng)該干某事

    needn’t have done:本不必干某事

    would/should like/love to have done:過去本想干某事

    had better have done:當(dāng)初最好干某事

    would rather have done:當(dāng)然真該干某事

    注:情態(tài)動詞表推測時,其反意疑問句,應(yīng)把情態(tài)動詞變?yōu)椴皇峭茰y的來考慮。

    試題詳情

    2. 幾個情態(tài)動詞的辨析與特殊用法:

    (1)can/could用于肯定句中表“可以”,或“能夠”(強調(diào)與生俱來的能力);be able to強調(diào)過去設(shè)法完成的某一具體的動作。

    (2)used to表示過去常常干某事,暗示“現(xiàn)在不干了”,以及表示過去一直存在的狀態(tài);would表示過去常常干某事,但不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況,還可以表示過去一直煩人的事情。

    (3)need/dare作為實義動詞時,應(yīng)用need/dare to do; 作為情態(tài)動詞時,一般不用于肯定句中。

    (5)will可以表示意愿或必然趨勢。

    If he won’t help us, all our plans will be ruined.

    The window won’t open.

    試題詳情

    (4)shall用于第一、三人稱,表示征詢對方意見或請求;用于第二、三人稱時,表示命令、強制、允諾或威脅。

    3. 虛擬語氣應(yīng)用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)中:

    (1)一種定語從句:It’s time that+did

    (2)兩種目的狀語從句:

    so that/in order that+ can/may/could/might +do

    (3)三種隨時變化句:

    試題詳情

    ①     wish        現(xiàn)在→did/were

          if only   +  過去→had done

      as if/though       將來→could/would do

    試題詳情

    ② would rather + 現(xiàn)在/將來→did/were

                     過去→had done

    試題詳情

    ③ 現(xiàn)在:if+did/were, would+ do

       過去:if+had done, would+ have done

    試題詳情

       將來:     did

              if+  were to do, would+ do

                  should do

    注意:除了由if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句外,還有倒裝條件句,即把were、had或should提前;混合時間句,虛實錯綜句,以及含蓄條件句,即由or, otherwise, with, without, but for來引導(dǎo)的。

    (4)四種名詞性從句:

    ①當(dāng)表語是important, natural, necessary, possible, strange, arranged, decided, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, surprising, a pity, no woder時,主語從句要用虛擬語氣。例:

    It’s important that we (should) help each other.

    ②動詞一堅持(insist),兩命令(command, order),三建議(advise, propose, suggest),四要求(ask, demand, request, require)后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。例:

    He insisted that he (should) be sent to the West.

    注:insist(堅持說), suggest(暗示,表明)時,從句應(yīng)用陳述語氣。如:

    Her pale face suggested that she was ill.

    ③idea, plan以及表示“堅持,命令,建議,要求”等動詞的同源名詞作主語時,表語從句用虛擬語氣。例:

    My suggestion is that we (should) hold a class meeting.

    ④idea, plan以及表示“堅持,命令,建議,要求”等動詞的同源名詞后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。例:

    The office gave an order that his soldiers fight back bravely.

    巧用上下文語境。①注意上下文的信息提示:信息提示出現(xiàn)在前文時,可以根據(jù)前文的信息提示確定答案;信息提示出現(xiàn)在后文時,我們應(yīng)該先把此空暫時擱置,在理解了后文的基礎(chǔ)上,再確定答案。②通讀全文,利用復(fù)現(xiàn)詞語:完形填空試題中,一些詞語會重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)使得語篇中的句子相互銜接,從而構(gòu)成一個完整的、有機(jī)的意義整體。把握這些反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語,有助于我們確定正確答案。

    例1:Reading is a way of learning English without classes or a teacher. It helps develop learners’ independence. And while reading graded readers, learners don’t have to run a____ because the language is at their level.

    A. dictionary       B. teacher            C. student            D. recorder

    [分析]because在此引導(dǎo)一個原因狀語從句,因為讀物中使用的語言符合讀者的語言水平,讀者當(dāng)然不必求助于詞典。

    例2:All of a sudden I started to feel rather__1__. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of__2___. I felt even more hopeless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.

    試題詳情

    三、題型歸納──完形填空解題要決二

    1. A. encouraged           B. dissatisfied      C. hopeless                   D. pleased

    試題詳情

    2. A. place                     B. job                  C. advice             D. help

    [分析]文章講到作者去應(yīng)聘工作,既沒有經(jīng)驗又信心,心里感到十分不踏實。從下文中的“I felt even more hopeless”可知第1題填“hopeless”,暗示作者那種無望的心情。而“it would be difficult to get a job without experience”則呼應(yīng)了第2題,故選job。

    例3:Years ago in Scotland, the Clark family had a dream. Clark and his wife worked and____, making plans for their nine children and themselves to travel to  2(America) . It had taken years, but they had   3(finally)  saved enough money and had gotten passports and reservations for the whole family on a new liner t the United States.

    A. spent               B. counted           C. saved              D. played

    [分析]分析上面一段文字可知Clark夫婦存錢的目的是讓一家人出去旅游。根據(jù)文中“but they had  3(finally)  saved enough money”可知第1題答案為C項。

     

    試題詳情


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